一般按照成分(fen)來說，銅(tong)(tong)可以(yi)分(fen)為(wei)紫銅(tong)(tong)，黃銅(tong)(tong)，還有青銅(tong)(tong)和白銅(tong)(tong)。

紫銅(tong)(tong):紫銅(tong)(tong)的特點就是導電性、塑性都較好，但強度、硬度較差(cha)一些，紫銅(tong)(tong)含(han)其他成分很少，一般可以認定(ding)為純銅(tong)(tong)；

黃銅(tong)是(shi)由銅(tong)和鋅所組成的合金(jin)，又(you)可細(xi)分為簡單黃銅(tong)和復雜黃銅(tong)，復雜黃銅(tong)中又(you)以第(di)三組元冠名為鎳黃銅(tong)、硅黃銅(tong)等(deng)，所以黃銅(tong)就(jiu)不是(shi)純銅(tong)了；

青銅(tong)(tong)系(xi)指除銅(tong)(tong)鎳、銅(tong)(tong)鋅合金(jin)以外的銅(tong)(tong)基(ji)合金(jin)，主要品種有錫青銅(tong)(tong)、鋁青銅(tong)(tong)、特殊青銅(tong)(tong)（又稱高銅(tong)(tong)合金(jin)）；

白(bai)銅(tong)系(xi)指銅(tong)鎳(nie)系(xi)合(he)金，是(shi)以(yi)鎳(nie)為主要添加元素的銅(tong)基合(he)金，呈銀白(bai)色，有金屬(shu)光澤(ze)，故名白(bai)銅(tong)。

我們在(zai)選擇銅(tong)(tong)材料的時候要看(kan)(kan)他的他的色澤，一般鑄(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)雕塑(su)工藝品都是采(cai)用(yong)(yong)紫銅(tong)(tong)，紅銅(tong)(tong)，還有黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)。但是劣質銅(tong)(tong)，銅(tong)(tong)材質里面(mian)含(han)有雜質，用(yong)(yong)手一彎就斷(duan)成兩截，里面(mian)可以看(kan)(kan)到(dao)有黑色雜質，這(zhe)個是絕對不能(neng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的。

銅(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑工藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)從工藝(yi)(yi)上來說可(ke)分為(wei)鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑和鑄(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑，鑄(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑是雕(diao)(diao)塑工藝(yi)(yi)中最復雜的(de)一種，但是鑄(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑的(de)藝(yi)(yi)術表現(xian)形(xing)式具有很強的(de)價值(zhi)，是其他銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制工藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)無法比擬的(de)，鑄(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑大致要(yao)經歷塑型(xing)(xing)(xing) — 翻(fan)模具 - 出(chu)原(yuan)型(xing)(xing)(xing) — 做臘型(xing)(xing)(xing) — 修(xiu)臘型(xing)(xing)(xing) — 制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼 — 失臘焙燒 — 鑄(zhu)造 — 清理(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)殼 — 焊接 — 打(da)磨 — 組裝(zhuang) — 做效果這13道工序，一個完美(mei)的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)藝(yi)(yi)術品(pin)(pin)才會制作完成。

要(yao)制作(zuo)出黃顏色的銅雕(diao)塑精(jing)品，可以(yi)使用不同的藥水來達(da)到效果。以(yi)下(xia)是(shi)幾種常(chang)見的藥水：

1. 硫(liu)化亞砜(feng)：硫(liu)化亞砜(feng)可以使銅件呈現出淡黃色(se)，是一種常用的藥(yao)水。它(ta)可以通過涂刷、噴灑(sa)或浸泡的方式施加到銅件上。

2. 阿薩法提藥水：阿薩法提藥水也(ye)是一種常用的黃色(se)調(diao)劑劑。它(ta)可以使(shi)銅件(jian)呈現出鮮艷(yan)的黃色(se)，并同時(shi)增(zeng)加其光(guang)澤。

3. 檸(ning)檬酸(suan)鹽(yan)溶液(ye)(ye)：檸(ning)檬酸(suan)鹽(yan)溶液(ye)(ye)可(ke)以使銅件呈現出(chu)柔(rou)和的黃色(se)。它可(ke)以通(tong)過涂刷、噴灑或浸泡(pao)的方式施(shi)加到(dao)銅件上。

4. 納(na)米顆粒溶(rong)液：特定(ding)顏色(se)的納(na)米顆粒溶(rong)液可以添加到銅合金材料的噴漆中，以實現所需的黃色(se)效果。這種方法適(shi)用于(yu)大面積的涂裝(zhuang)。

在使(shi)用(yong)任(ren)何(he)藥水(shui)之前，必須先對(dui)銅件進(jin)行充分的(de)清潔和(he)拋光，以(yi)確(que)保藥水(shui)能夠均勻地附(fu)著和(he)呈現出(chu)所需的(de)顏(yan)色效果(guo)。不同的(de)藥水(shui)使(shi)用(yong)方(fang)法和(he)濃度也會對(dui)最終的(de)顏(yan)色產生(sheng)影響，所以(yi)在使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)要(yao)嚴格按照藥水(shui)說明進(jin)行操作。

鑄銅雕塑精品黃顏色可以使用化(hua)學藥水進行處(chu)理，其中常用的是銅氧化(hua)劑。具(ju)體的步驟如下：

1. 準備清潔的銅雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)表(biao)面(mian)。將銅雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)表(biao)面(mian)清潔干凈，去除灰塵(chen)和油脂(zhi)等雜質。

2. 涂(tu)抹銅(tong)氧化(hua)劑。使(shi)用刷子或噴涂(tu)器將銅(tong)氧化(hua)劑均(jun)勻地涂(tu)抹在(zai)銅(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)表面上。銅(tong)氧化(hua)劑會(hui)與銅(tong)發生化(hua)學反(fan)應，使(shi)其產(chan)生氧化(hua)層。

3. 靜(jing)置。將涂抹了銅氧化劑的銅雕塑(su)放置在通風(feng)良好的地方，讓其靜(jing)置一段時(shi)間，通常為幾小(xiao)時(shi)至數(shu)天不等。銅氧化劑會逐漸轉化為黃色。

4. 清(qing)洗。在靜置(zhi)時(shi)間結(jie)束后，用(yong)清(qing)水將銅(tong)雕塑表面的殘留(liu)銅(tong)氧化(hua)劑沖洗干凈(jing)，可以使(shi)用(yong)軟刷輕輕刷洗。

5. 防護(hu)(hu)。為(wei)了保護(hu)(hu)銅(tong)雕塑的黃色氧化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)，可(ke)以在銅(tong)雕塑表面涂上一層(ceng)(ceng)透明的保護(hu)(hu)劑，如透明漆或蠟。這(zhe)樣可(ke)以防止氧化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)再次(ci)被空氣氧化(hua)。

使(shi)用化學藥水進(jin)行處(chu)理(li)需(xu)要(yao)謹(jin)慎操作，應遵循使(shi)用說明，并配備好(hao)適當(dang)的防護措(cuo)施，避免對(dui)自己和環(huan)境造(zao)成傷害。具體(ti)的處(chu)理(li)方法可能因材料(liao)、工藝和雕塑的具體(ti)要(yao)求(qiu)而有所差異，建議在(zai)進(jin)行處(chu)理(li)前咨詢(xun)專(zhuan)業人士或進(jin)行試驗。

鑄(zhu)銅(tong)雕塑一般用(yong)的是黃 銅(tong)材(cai)質。

人(ren)物(wu)(wu)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)造(zao)型(xing)常見的(de)有(you)名(ming)人(ren)半身(shen)像、全身(shen)像、坐像、人(ren)物(wu)(wu)和不銹(xiu)鋼造(zao)型(xing)組(zu)合的(de)，通常人(ren)物(wu)(wu)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)的(de)價(jia)格根(gen)據雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)師傅的(de)工(gong)藝水平來(lai)衡量(liang)，名(ming)人(ren)造(zao)型(xing)建議選用工(gong)藝好的(de)泥塑(su)老師來(lai)做泥膜，保證和照片形(xing)象一致(zhi)，不易被大(da)眾錯誤解讀。

城市銅雕定制代表城市的形象(xiang)，建議選擇規模(mo)性(xing)和經(jing)驗豐富的廠(chang)子，伊甸園園林雕塑有挺多(duo)銅雕案例的，建議可多(duo)了解(jie)一下。

鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)材(cai)質有(you)哪(na)(na)些(xie)(xie)？很多(duo)地方在城市(shi)建設中都(dou)規劃了(le)一系列(lie)的(de)(de)城市(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su),包括(kuo)紀(ji)念性雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)、城市(shi)象征性雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)、城市(shi)景觀雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)等等,其中很大一部(bu)分雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)悠久，且(qie)技術(shu)(shu)成熟，它(ta)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)創作復(fu)原(yuan)性好(hao)(hao)(hao)，它(ta)適合制作精(jing)(jing)細的(de)(de)作品，尤其是(shi)(shi)在一些(xie)(xie)人物雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)上(shang)(shang)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)具(ju)有(you)很強的(de)(de)厚重(zhong)感，具(ju)有(you)歷久彌新(xin)的(de)(de)特點，不(bu)會(hui)隨時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)潮(chao)流而過時(shi)(shi)。當代鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)在傳承傳統鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)基礎上(shang)(shang)，吸納了(le)更加(jia)豐富的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)元素，并通(tong)過在技術(shu)(shu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷創新(xin)，使其在藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)理念、表(biao)現主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題和(he)(he)(he)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)形式(shi)上(shang)(shang)發生了(le)一些(xie)(xie)根(gen)本(ben)變(bian)化。隨著(zhu)現代社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)已經成為(wei)表(biao)現人民(min)精(jing)(jing)神文(wen)(wen)化生活，承載(zai)時(shi)(shi)代精(jing)(jing)神的(de)(de)重(zhong)要文(wen)(wen)化載(zai)體和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)化符號。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)材(cai)質有(you)哪(na)(na)些(xie)(xie)?下(xia)面(mian)簡(jian)單介(jie)紹。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)使用的(de)(de)材(cai)質主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)以下(xia)三種：1.青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)它(ta)有(you)有(you)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)加(jia)工(gong)性能，較(jiao)強的(de)(de)防酸、防堿、防鹽(yan)，抗腐(fu)蝕性，適宜精(jing)(jing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，著(zhu)色(se)穩定(ding)，青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)也是(shi)(shi)我國雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要分支;它(ta)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要成分是(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)錫(xi)，并含有(you)極少(shao)(shao)量的(de)(de)鋁和(he)(he)(he)鋅，國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)38#;2.紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也就是(shi)(shi)我們所說的(de)(de)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，它(ta)的(de)(de)塑(su)(su)(su)性非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，非(fei)(fei)常(chang)(chang)適合鍛(duan)打工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，如果不(bu)加(jia)入其它(ta)金屬則(ze)不(bu)宜鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao);國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)為(wei)96#;3.黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)：黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)它(ta)具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)加(jia)工(gong)性能和(he)(he)(he)抗腐(fu)蝕性，并且(qie)著(zhu)色(se)穩定(ding)，適合用于精(jing)(jing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);它(ta)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要成分是(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)鋅，并含有(you)極少(shao)(shao)量的(de)(de)鋁與錫(xi)，國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)62#、63#。

鑄銅雕塑以(yi)及各類銅工(gong)藝品的(de)著(zhu)色(se)方(fang)(fang)法大(da)致分為兩大(da)類，一是傳統的(de)冷著(zhu)色(se)工(gong)藝，再(zai)就是最近十幾(ji)年比較流行(xing)的(de)熱著(zhu)色(se)工(gong)藝。這兩種工(gong)藝基(ji)本(ben)上不需要太(tai)多(duo)的(de)設備和投資，當然也有(you)一些采用(yong)(yong)電鍍工(gong)藝、電解氧(yang)化(hua)工(gong)藝進(jin)行(xing)的(de)著(zhu)色(se)方(fang)(fang)法，但相(xiang)對來說(shuo)此類方(fang)(fang)法的(de)使用(yong)(yong)不算普遍(bian)。每一類工(gong)藝的(de)具體配(pei)方(fang)(fang)和流程，對任何一個廠家來說(shuo)都是獲(huo)取市場(chang)競爭(zheng)力的(de)秘密(mi)武(wu)器，所以(yi)目前公(gong)開的(de)配(pei)方(fang)(fang)并不多(duo)見，作為行(xing)業內人士，也是可以(yi)理解的(de)。下(xia)面配(pei)圖(tu)做(zuo)以(yi)簡單(dan)說(shuo)明。

1著色前期處(chu)理為(wei)確(que)保金屬藝(yi)術品(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)面能形成色彩均勻、結合良好、抗腐蝕性強的(de)著色層，在此前必須對作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)面進行除(chu)(chu)油(you)、浸蝕去(qu)(qu)(qu)銹(xiu)、拋光等(deng)預(yu)處(chu)理。除(chu)(chu)油(you)方法(fa)有(you)多種(zhong)，一般(ban)可根據(ju)合適的(de)條(tiao)件和作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)大小來選擇。擦拭除(chu)(chu)油(you)：用毛刷或抹布蘸去(qu)(qu)(qu)污粉(fen)、洗衣(yi)粉(fen)、石(shi)灰漿、氧(yang)化鎂(mei)等(deng)除(chu)(chu)油(you)物(wu)質，擦去(qu)(qu)(qu)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)表(biao)面的(de)油(you)污。主要用于體(ti)積(ji)大、形狀復雜、用其他方法(fa)不易處(chu)理的(de)藝(yi)術品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)

除油。

滾筒除(chu)油：將作品放入滾光機滾桶內(nei)，加適當磨料和除(chu)油液。適用于批量(liang)大、尺寸小、不易變形的(de)藝術品鑄件除(chu)油。

超聲(sheng)波除油：可(ke)清除細孔、不通孔中的油污(wu)，作品表(biao)面金屬腐蝕小(xiao)。適用于小(xiao)型藝術品鑄件除油。

硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)：硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液可(ke)除去(qu)作品表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)皮和(he)(he)銹(xiu)蝕(shi)(shi)物(wu)，此(ci)過程稱為浸蝕(shi)(shi)或酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)洗(xi)(xi)。①在(zai)口徑較大且堅硬的(de)(de)(de)玻璃容(rong)器(qi)中倒(dao)入水(shui)(shui)。②把硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)緩緩倒(dao)入水(shui)(shui)中（相當(dang)于水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)），倒(dao)入時不(bu)(bu)可(ke)急速倒(dao)入，也不(bu)(bu)可(ke)讓水(shui)(shui)噴到硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中。因(yin)為硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濺起(qi)容(rong)易引起(qi)燙(tang)傷，噴到衣服上會(hui)燒出洞的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液，手可(ke)以(yi)接觸此(ci)液體，會(hui)引起(qi)皮膚的(de)(de)(de)燒傷，所以(yi)一(yi)定要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)橡膠手套來保護自己，并格外小心的(de)(de)(de)操作。將硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液溶(rong)解掉(diao)氧化(hua)(hua)皮后(hou)。須以(yi)凈(jing)水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)凈(jing)。浸蝕(shi)(shi)時間(jian)約為30秒。若制(zhi)作金、銀、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等不(bu)(bu)同作品時，需要(yao)準備不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液。長時間(jian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)同一(yi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液，液體濃度會(hui)降低，故(gu)須經常重新調(diao)制(zhi)溶(rong)液。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)浸蝕(shi)(shi)時，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)金屬刷子刷拭(shi)作品一(yi)番，再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)清水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)凈(jing)稀硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液后(hou)晾(liang)干。硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)法(fa)(fa)：與制(zhi)作硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液的(de)(de)(de)步(bu)驟相同。硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)比例來混合(he)(he)，亦即(ji)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)配，通常是(shi)(shi)以(yi)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)對水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)混合(he)(he)液。硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)與硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)都是(shi)(shi)十分劇烈的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)藥品，只有(you)正(zheng)確使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)才，不(bu)(bu)會(hui)發(fa)生危險(xian)，必須放(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)兒童拿不(bu)(bu)到的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方妥善(shan)保管。特別是(shi)(shi)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液不(bu)(bu)同于硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)液，僅相當(dang)低的(de)(de)(de)濃度就和(he)(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)反應非(fei)常劇烈，危險(xian)性頗高，千萬不(bu)(bu)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)手去(qu)摸。化(hua)(hua)學(xue)著(zhu)色是(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)最普遍的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面裝飾方法(fa)(fa)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)著(zhu)色色澤與生成膜的(de)(de)(de)成分和(he)(he)合(he)(he)金成份組(zu)織(zhi)有(you)關，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)色色澤還和(he)(he)氧化(hua)(hua)膜的(de)(de)(de)厚度有(you)關。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)

金(jin)鑄件(jian)既(ji)可(ke)以(yi)冷著(zhu)色(se)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)熱著(zhu)色(se)。冷著(zhu)色(se)反應慢，生成的膜較牢固。熱著(zhu)色(se)反應

快，生成(cheng)膜(mo)較厚，但不牢固，防止(zhi)的方(fang)法(fa)是著色液的濃度(du)調(diao)得稀一些。

鑄(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)工藝（銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)冷(leng)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)法之一(yi)(yi)）：我們先用(yong)砂(sha)紙摩擦(ca)作(zuo)品(pin)表面，再用(yong)稀硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)加以(yi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)洗，用(yong)金屬(shu)(shu)刷子刷拭一(yi)(yi) 番，然后(hou)用(yong)清水洗凈稀硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)液(ye)，接著(zhu)(zhu)晾干(gan)〔用(yong)硫(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鈉（晶(jing)體）擦(ca)洗浮(fu)雕(diao)多(duo)次(ci)，使銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)皮變黑，再自然晾干(gan)。做出(chu)古樸凝(ning)重的(de)(de)效果(guo)。 然后(hou)使用(yong)金屬(shu)(shu)清潔球擦(ca)洗作(zuo)品(pin)的(de)(de)高(gao)點部(bu)位(wei)，使之拋光，從(cong)而增強作(zuo)品(pin)的(de)(de)層次(ci)感，然后(hou)進(jin)行上(shang)蠟防腐或噴透明漆等后(hou)處理 。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)的(de)(de)熱(re)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)一(yi)(yi)般是高(gao)錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)，高(gao)錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀在(zai)經過(guo)高(gao)溫生成(cheng)棕紅色(se)的(de)(de)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)錳(meng)(meng)。高(gao)錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀的(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)有很多(duo)種，一(yi)(yi)般比(bi)如高(gao)錳(meng)(meng)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀、硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)。這(zhe)種配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)只適合(he)在(zai)含(han)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量在(zai)百(bai)分(fen)之七十以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)含(han)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)質的(de)(de)熱(re)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)。所(suo)以(yi)特別適合(he)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。能(neng)著(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)非常(chang)漂亮(liang)的(de)(de)暖紅色(se)。但是在(zai)黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)用(yong)上(shang)并不理想，必須經過(guo)脫鋅處理才可(ke)進(jin)行著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)。還有添加一(yi)(yi)些氯酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽促(cu)(cu)進(jin)形成(cheng)櫻紅色(se)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，盡管氯酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽能(neng)著(zhu)(zhu)出(chu)十分(fen)美麗的(de)(de)櫻紅色(se)系(xi)。但氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)容易氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)分(fen)解，所(suo)以(yi)經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)時間(jian)會改變起色(se)調。盡管銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)的(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)液(ye)配(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)多(duo)樣，但著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理基本相同，主(zhu)要是促(cu)(cu)進(jin)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)，由于氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性高(gao)，所(suo)以(yi)色(se)系(xi)穩(wen)定。