銅雕塑(su)作為工藝品,逐步(bu)被大家(jia)所喜(xi)愛和(he)接受。一件鑄銅雕塑(su)工藝品擁有很高的(de)收藏(zang)價值。對銅雕塑(su)的(de)保養：

1、放置鑄(zhu)銅(tong)雕塑工藝品的房屋(wu)必須(xu)保持干燥，沒有塵(chen)埃和空氣污染物。溫度(du)在18℃-24℃，相對濕度(du)在40%-50%。

2、必(bi)須預防接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)銅(tong)工藝(yi)品產(chan)生(sheng)的有(you)害化(hua)學作用物質(zhi)，如酸(suan)類(lei)、油脂、氯化(hua)物等(deng)。搬動(dong)銅(tong)藝(yi)術品一(yi)定要戴上棉絲手(shou)(shou)套,不(bu)可用手(shou)(shou)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)，以避免被手(shou)(shou)上的汗腐(fu)蝕。也不(bu)可用油污的紙或盒子(zi)來包(bao)裝。

3、鑄銅雕(diao)塑工藝品上的(de)塵(chen)埃(ai)，要用干凈而柔(rou)軟的(de)布(bu)片揩去(qu)，而那些需要特別小心的(de)細節(易斷、易損)，要用柔(rou)軟的(de)毛刷刷去(qu)或用吸塵(chen)器吸走或是(shi)吹去(qu)塵(chen)埃(ai)。

4、必須預防鑄(zhu)銅雕塑工藝(yi)品(pin)受到(dao)機械性損壞，相(xiang)互間(jian)不(bu)應該彼此碰(peng)撞、不(bu)要疊壓碼放、對于細(xi)工精制和(he)容易損壞的銅工藝(yi)品(pin),更加(jia)要小心(xin)維護。

5、鑄(zhu)銅雕(diao)塑工(gong)藝品擺放(fang)時間過長之后，依(yi)據擺放(fang)的環境或多或少會出現一些暗啞的現象，這個(ge)時候可(ke)以用棉絲(si)質的細布來回擦拭。可(ke)達(da)到(dao)拋光的效果，從(cong)而使(shi)表面的保護蠟層(ceng)重新煥發光彩。

一般按照成(cheng)分來說(shuo)，銅(tong)可以分為(wei)紫銅(tong)，黃銅(tong)，還有青銅(tong)和白銅(tong)。

紫(zi)銅:紫(zi)銅的特點就是導電性、塑性都較好，但強度、硬度較差一些(xie)，紫(zi)銅含其(qi)他成分(fen)很少(shao)，一般可以認定為純銅；

黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是由銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和鋅(xin)所組成的(de)合金，又可細分為簡單黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)和復雜黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，復雜黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)中又以第三組元冠名為鎳黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、硅黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)等，所以黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)就(jiu)不是純銅(tong)(tong)(tong)了；

青銅(tong)系指除銅(tong)鎳、銅(tong)鋅合(he)金(jin)以外的銅(tong)基合(he)金(jin)，主要品種有(you)錫青銅(tong)、鋁青銅(tong)、特殊青銅(tong)（又稱高銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)）；

白(bai)銅系(xi)(xi)指銅鎳系(xi)(xi)合金(jin)，是(shi)以鎳為主要添加元素的銅基合金(jin)，呈(cheng)銀白(bai)色，有金(jin)屬光澤，故名白(bai)銅。

我們在選擇銅(tong)(tong)材(cai)料(liao)的時候要(yao)看他的他的色澤，一(yi)(yi)般鑄銅(tong)(tong)雕塑工藝(yi)品都是采用(yong)紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)，紅銅(tong)(tong)，還有(you)(you)黃銅(tong)(tong)。但(dan)是劣(lie)質(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)，銅(tong)(tong)材(cai)質(zhi)里(li)面含(han)有(you)(you)雜質(zhi)，用(yong)手一(yi)(yi)彎就斷成兩截(jie)，里(li)面可以(yi)看到(dao)有(you)(you)黑(hei)色雜質(zhi)，這個是絕(jue)對不能采用(yong)的。

銅(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)從工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)上來(lai)說可分為(wei)鍛銅(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)和鑄銅(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)，鑄銅(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)是(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)中最(zui)復雜(za)的(de)(de)一種，但是(shi)(shi)鑄銅(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術表現形式具(ju)(ju)有很強(qiang)的(de)(de)價值(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)其他銅(tong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)無法比(bi)擬的(de)(de)，鑄銅(tong)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)大(da)致(zhi)要經歷塑(su)型(xing) — 翻模具(ju)(ju) - 出原(yuan)型(xing) — 做臘(la)(la)型(xing) — 修臘(la)(la)型(xing) — 制(zhi)作型(xing)殼 — 失臘(la)(la)焙燒 — 鑄造 — 清理型(xing)殼 — 焊接 — 打磨 — 組(zu)裝(zhuang) — 做效果這13道(dao)工(gong)(gong)序，一個完美的(de)(de)銅(tong)雕(diao)(diao)藝(yi)(yi)術品(pin)(pin)才會(hui)制(zhi)作完成。

青銅

紫銅

黃銅

青銅最貴

然后紫銅

黃銅

因為青銅(tong)(tong)是用紫銅(tong)(tong)和比紫銅(tong)(tong)價格(ge)高的金屬混(hun)制(zhi)成的。

含銅量

紫銅最高

大多數鑄造的在90%

然后青銅

80%

黃銅

59%

我就是做(zuo)(zuo)鑄(zhu)造的，做(zuo)(zuo)了(le)快10年了(le)，主要做(zuo)(zuo)

銅雕

佛像

雕塑

寺廟用品

。所有的銅

我都知道，

有時間(jian)可以去我的(de)網站看看

www.yzgyp.com

青(qing)銅作(zuo)品(pin)有(you)不(bu)均勻點狀銅銹(xiu)的(de)情(qing)形(xing)產生,形(xing)成(cheng)原因(yin)通常是青(qing)銅作(zuo)品(pin)在(zai)環(huan)境中受溼度(du)和(he)氧氣及二氧化碳的(de)影響形(xing)成(cheng)表面綠(lv)色的(de)〝堿(jian)性碳酸銅〞，此(ci)(ci)生成(cheng)物能防止銅材繼續銹(xiu)蝕，屬於無害(hai)銹(xiu)，并無大礙，有(you)些(xie)藝術家或收(shou)藏(zang)家喜歡青(qing)銅生成(cheng)銅綠(lv)的(de)質感會刻(ke)意(yi)保(bao)留，但如果您(nin)介(jie)意(yi)這些(xie)銅綠(lv)生長(chang)有(you)礙觀賞的(de)話，建議(yi)還(huan)是交由(you)專(zhuan)業(ye)人員(yuan)來(lai)做保(bao)養(yang)，因(yin)為(wei)不(bu)慎的(de)處(chu)理往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會造成(cheng)作(zuo)品(pin)的(de)傷害(hai)。如果您(nin)有(you)此(ci)(ci)需求可以(yi)送來(lai)朱(zhu)(zhu)銘(ming)美(mei)術館(guan)(guan)修復中心做保(bao)養(yang)，費用(yong)視作(zuo)品(pin)尺寸和(he)狀況不(bu)同而定，但就美(mei)術館(guan)(guan)的(de)作(zuo)業(ye)程(cheng)序上必須確定藏(zang)品(pin)是朱(zhu)(zhu)銘(ming)的(de)真品(pin)才會收(shou)件(jian)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)如果您(nin)有(you)考慮送件(jian)做保(bao)養(yang)的(de)話可以(yi)建議(yi)您(nin)先做鑒定，朱(zhu)(zhu)銘(ming)美(mei)術館(guan)(guan)的(de)鑒定專(zhuan)線為(wei)3001，煩請與王(wang)小姐接(jie)洽，謝謝!

.

以下提供幾項(xiang)青銅維護(hu)的需(xu)知給您參(can)考：

一.不要使用(yong)濕抹(mo)布擦拭或用(yong)水清(qing)洗或油清(qing)潔保(bao)養青銅作(zuo)品，對於表面(mian)粉(fen)塵使用(yong)軟毛(mao)刷刷除或乾的(de)除塵布擦拭即可。如(ru)遇難以清(qing)除的(de)臟污(wu)時(shi)，建(jian)議找(zhao)專(zhuan)業修復人(ren)員處理。

二.控(kong)制(zhi)存放(fang)空間的溼度(du)，溼度(du)盡量保持(chi)在50%以下。

三.隔離氯(lv)離子於保存環境中，如保存室內不要噴灑含有機氯(lv)之(zhi)殺蟲(chong)劑等化學品。

四.高溫度(du)也會加(jia)速銅銹(xiu)之化學反(fan)應也應加(jia)以注意。

銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國有著悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)史上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)璀璨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明珠(zhu)，我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)工藝是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)長年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日曬(shai)雨(yu)淋(lin)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)油漆失(shi)色(se)(se)(se)嚴重，變得陳舊，非(fei)常(chang)影響(xiang)觀瞻(zhan)，極大地影響(xiang)了城(cheng)市形(xing)象。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)這種材料是(shi)(shi)(shi)特別容易(yi)生(sheng)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而且一(yi)旦(dan)生(sheng)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)就會(hui)(hui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種綠色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)跡(ji)，往往清除起來非(fei)常(chang)麻(ma)煩，對(dui)(dui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)養(yang)問題(ti)也會(hui)(hui)感到(dao)頭(tou)疼。對(dui)(dui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)進(jin)行保(bao)養(yang)確實不(bu)夠容易(yi)，操(cao)作不(bu)當就會(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)作品(pin)產生(sheng)損(sun)壞，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)不(bu)清理，又會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美觀，而且還會(hui)(hui)減少銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用壽命。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)要保(bao)持城(cheng)市銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)原貌(mao)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)何對(dui)(dui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)進(jin)行保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)養(yang)呢？一(yi)、氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)銀法(fa)(fa)(fa)用氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)銀與氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)接(jie)觸(chu)，封(feng)閉氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴(bao)露(lu)面(mian)，達到(dao)控制(zhi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。先用機械方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，剔除粉狀銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，露(lu)出(chu)(chu)灰白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)蠟(la)狀物(wu)(wu)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。然(ran)后將(jiang)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)銀與酒(jiu)精(jing)調成(cheng)(cheng)糊劑，涂在(zai)(zai)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)表(biao)面(mian)，并置(zhi)(zhi)于潮濕(shi)環境中(zhong),使(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)充(chong)分(fen)作用,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，覆(fu)蓋氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)亞(ya)(ya)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)表(biao)面(mian)。兩者皆為穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)性鹽,如(ru)(ru)(ru)此多次(ci)操(cao)作,直(zhi)至(zhi)將(jiang)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)置(zhi)(zhi)于高濕(shi)環境中(zhong)仍不(bu)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)粉狀銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)點為止。此法(fa)(fa)(fa)適(shi)于斑點狀局(ju)部腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)及(ji)有金(jin)屬鑲嵌(qian)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)。二、苯(ben)(ben)駢三(san)氮唑(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)苯(ben)(ben)駢三(san)氮唑(zuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)雜環化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物(wu)(wu)，與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及(ji)其(qi)鹽類能(neng)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)絡合物(wu)(wu)，在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)表(biao)面(mian)生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)溶(rong)性且相(xiang)當牢固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透明保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)膜(mo)(mo)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)病被(bei)抑(yi)制(zhi)并穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)下來，防(fang)止水(shui)蒸氣和(he)(he)空氣污(wu)染物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侵蝕(shi)(shi)。用蒸餾(liu)水(shui)和(he)(he)甲(jia)苯(ben)(ben)、丙(bing)酮等有機溶(rong)劑，清除銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)表(biao)面(mian)泥土油污(wu)，然(ran)后浸(jin)(jin)(jin)入苯(ben)(ben)駢三(san)氮唑(zuo)酒(jiu)精(jing)溶(rong)劑中(zhong)進(jin)行滲(shen)透，即可形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)絡合物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)膜(mo)(mo)。但苯(ben)(ben)駢三(san)氮唑(zuo)易(yi)受熱升華，失(shi)去(qu)(qu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)作用，所以最后應在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)表(biao)面(mian)涂一(yi)層高分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)材料，做封(feng)護(hu)(hu)(hu)膜(mo)(mo)。三(san)、堿(jian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)泡法(fa)(fa)(fa)將(jiang)被(bei)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)置(zhi)(zhi)于倍(bei)半碳酸鈉溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)泡，使(shi)(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)逐漸轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳酸鹽，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氯離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)被(bei)置(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)(huan)出(chu)(chu)來轉(zhuan)入浸(jin)(jin)(jin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)。浸(jin)(jin)(jin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)需定(ding)時更換(huan)(huan)，直(zhi)至(zhi)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)無(wu)氯離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)為止。隨(sui)后將(jiang)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)用蒸餾(liu)水(shui)反(fan)復(fu)清洗(xi)，除去(qu)(qu)堿(jian)液(ye)(ye)(ye)，干燥后封(feng)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。堿(jian)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)僅(jin)把(ba)氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)提取出(chu)(chu)來,保(bao)留(liu)著色(se)(se)(se)彩斑斕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)雀石等腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)層,不(bu)損(sun)害銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原貌(mao)。此法(fa)(fa)(fa)缺點是(shi)(shi)(shi)置(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)(huan)反(fan)應時間(jian)長；另(ling)外氯化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)不(bu)僅(jin)附在(zai)(zai)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)層表(biao)面(mian)，而且已滲(shen)入器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)結(jie)殼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深部，難以置(zhi)(zhi)換(huan)(huan)徹底。四(si)、納(na)米鍍膜(mo)(mo)保(bao)養(yang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)　　利用邦(bang)美潔(jie)(BEMJER)液(ye)(ye)(ye)晶鍍膜(mo)(mo)油對(dui)(dui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)進(jin)行鍍膜(mo)(mo)翻新(xin)(xin)處理，不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)減少日曬(shai)雨(yu)淋(lin)對(dui)(dui)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)害，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像還能(neng)如(ru)(ru)(ru)當初保(bao)持靚麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容顏(yan)。邦(bang)美潔(jie)(BEMJER)液(ye)(ye)(ye)晶鍍膜(mo)(mo)油采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)納(na)米技術(shu)，產品(pin)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)膜(mo)(mo)后，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)結(jie)構非(fei)常(chang)小，相(xiang)當于每個人頭(tou)發(fa)絲寬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五百(bai)分(fen)之一(yi)，比水(shui)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、甚至(zhi)數百(bai)種細(xi)菌(jun)單體還要小，在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)上(shang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用后，水(shui)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、細(xi)菌(jun)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、污(wu)漬分(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)滲(shen)透和(he)(he)附著，它(ta)有五大顯著功能(neng)：拒水(shui)防(fang)污(wu)、一(yi)擦(ca)即新(xin)(xin)、拒油抑(yi)菌(jun)、抗氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)、易(yi)于清潔(jie)，可以與木制(zhi)品(pin)、皮革、金(jin)屬、玻璃、陶瓷、石材、塑(su)(su)料等眾多材料完(wan)美結(jie)合。