雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)按使(shi)用(yong)材料可分為(wei)木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、牙雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、骨雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、漆雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、貝雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、根(gen)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、冰雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、泥塑(su)、面塑(su)、陶瓷(ci)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)、石膏像(xiang)等

雕(diao)塑的三種基(ji)本形式(shi)：圓雕(diao)、浮雕(diao)和透(tou)雕(diao)

圓雕

圓雕

所(suo)謂(wei)圓(yuan)雕就是指非壓縮的，可以(yi)多方(fang)位、多角度欣賞的三維立體雕塑。手法與(yu)(yu)形式也多種多樣，有寫實性的與(yu)(yu)裝(zhuang)飾性的，也有具體的與(yu)(yu)抽象的，戶(hu)內(nei)與(yu)(yu)戶(hu)外的，架(jia)上(shang)的與(yu)(yu)大型城

雕，著色的(de)與非著色的(de)等(deng)；雕塑內容與題材也(ye)是豐富多彩(cai)(cai)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是人物，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是動(dong)物，甚(shen)至于靜(jing)物；材質上(shang)更(geng)是多彩(cai)(cai)多姿，有石(shi)質、木(mu)質、金(jin)屬、泥(ni)塑、紡(fang)織物、紙張、植物、橡膠等(deng)等(deng)。

圓雕作為雕塑(su)的造型手法之一，應(ying)用范圍(wei)極(ji)廣，也是老百姓最常見的一種雕塑(su)形式。

浮雕

所(suo)謂浮(fu)雕是雕塑(su)與繪畫結(jie)合的(de)產(chan)物(wu)，用壓(ya)縮的(de)辦法來(lai)處理對(dui)象(xiang)，靠透視等因素來(lai)表現(xian)三(san)維空(kong)間，并只供一(yi)面或兩(liang)面觀看。浮(fu)雕一(yi)般是附屬在(zai)另一(yi)平面上(shang)的(de)，因此在(zai)建(jian)筑上(shang)使用更(geng)多，用具器物(wu)上(shang)也經常可以(yi)看到。由于其壓(ya)縮的(de)特(te)性，所(suo)占(zhan)空(kong)間較小，所(suo)以(yi)適用于多種環境(jing)的(de)裝飾(shi)。它在(zai)城市美化(hua)環境(jing)中占(zhan)了越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)重(zhong)要的(de)地位。浮(fu)雕在(zai)內容、形式和(he)材質(zhi)上(shang)與圓雕一(yi)樣豐(feng)富(fu)多彩。

它主(zhu)要有神龕式、高浮雕、淺(qian)浮雕、線刻(ke)、鏤空式等(deng)幾種(zhong)形式。

我(wo)國古代的石窟雕塑可歸結為(wei)神龕(kan)雕塑，根據(ju)造型(xing)手法的不同，又可分(fen)為(wei)寫實性(xing)、裝飾性(xing)和抽象性(xing)

高浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)是指壓縮(suo)小，起伏大，接近圓雕(diao)，甚至半圓雕(diao)的(de)一種形式，這(zhe)種浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)明(ming)暗對比(bi)強烈，視覺效果突出(chu)

淺浮(fu)雕壓縮大，起(qi)伏小，它既保持了一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)建(jian)筑式的平面性，又(you)具有一(yi)(yi)定的體量感和起(qi)伏感

線刻是繪(hui)畫與雕塑的結合，它(ta)靠光(guang)影產生，以光(guang)代筆，甚至有(you)一些(xie)微妙(miao)的起伏(fu)，給人一種淡雅含蓄的感覺

透雕

透雕

去掉底(di)板的浮(fu)雕(diao)則(ze)稱(cheng)透(tou)雕(diao)（鏤空(kong)雕(diao)）。把所謂的浮(fu)雕(diao)的底(di)板去掉，從而產生一(yi)種變(bian)化多(duo)端的負空(kong)間，并(bing)使負空(kong)間與(yu)正空(kong)間的輪廓線有一(yi)種相互轉換的節奏。這種手法過去常(chang)用于門(men)窗(chuang)欄桿家具上，有的可(ke)供兩面觀賞。

除上述兩(liang)種形(xing)式外(wai)，雕塑(su)按其(qi)功(gong)能，大致還可分為紀念(nian)性(xing)(xing)雕塑(su)、主題性(xing)(xing)雕塑(su)、裝飾性(xing)(xing)雕塑(su)、功(gong)能性(xing)(xing)雕塑(su)以及陳列(lie)性(xing)(xing)雕塑(su)五種。

銅雕塑工藝主要分為以下幾種(zhong)：

1. 鑄(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)藝：鑄(zhu)造(zao)是最常見的銅(tong)雕(diao)工(gong)藝，它(ta)使用銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)熔化后(hou)倒入雕(diao)塑模具(ju)中，經過冷卻(que)凝固形(xing)成雕(diao)塑作(zuo)品。這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)藝可(ke)以(yi)制作(zuo)大型的銅(tong)雕(diao)塑，具(ju)有良好的可(ke)塑性和耐(nai)久性。

2. 鍛造(zao)(zao)工藝：鍛造(zao)(zao)是通過金屬(shu)加熱至(zhi)一定(ding)溫度后(hou)進行錘打或機械(xie)壓制(zhi)，使銅合(he)金產生塑(su)性變形，制(zhi)成雕塑(su)作(zuo)品。這種工藝可以制(zhi)作(zuo)出(chu)精細(xi)的細(xi)節和紋理，適用于制(zhi)作(zuo)較小的銅雕塑(su)。

3. 手工(gong)(gong)捏塑工(gong)(gong)藝：手工(gong)(gong)捏塑是(shi)一種(zhong)傳統的雕(diao)(diao)塑工(gong)(gong)藝，藝人使用(yong)手工(gong)(gong)將銅合金不斷捏塑、切割和焊(han)接，形(xing)成(cheng)雕(diao)(diao)塑作品(pin)。這(zhe)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝制作出(chu)來(lai)的銅雕(diao)(diao)塑具有獨(du)特(te)的風(feng)格和表現(xian)力。

4. 雕(diao)刻(ke)工(gong)藝：雕(diao)刻(ke)是通過使用(yong)刻(ke)刀或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)工(gong)具(ju)在銅合金(jin)上進行刻(ke)劃(hua)和(he)雕(diao)琢(zhuo)，制作出細致的(de)線條和(he)圖案。這種工(gong)藝常用(yong)于制作銅雕(diao)塑的(de)細節和(he)紋飾部(bu)分(fen)。

5. 高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)氧(yang)化工(gong)藝(yi)：高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)氧(yang)化是(shi)通(tong)過將銅(tong)合金(jin)雕塑作品加熱至一定溫(wen)(wen)度后，使用(yong)特(te)定氧(yang)化劑使其表(biao)面產生氧(yang)化反(fan)應(ying)，形成(cheng)獨特(te)的色彩效果。這種(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)可以給銅(tong)雕塑增添(tian)藝(yi)術(shu)感和視覺(jue)沖擊力。

以(yi)(yi)上是常見的(de)銅雕(diao)塑工(gong)藝，每種工(gong)藝都有(you)其獨特的(de)特點和適(shi)用范(fan)圍(wei)，藝術家可以(yi)(yi)根(gen)據需要選擇合適(shi)的(de)工(gong)藝來表(biao)達自(zi)己的(de)創(chuang)作理(li)念(nian)和藝術風格。

銅雕塑(su)工藝可(ke)以(yi)(yi)分為以(yi)(yi)下幾種：

1. 鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工藝(yi)(yi)：鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)是最常見(jian)的(de)一種銅(tong)雕(diao)塑工藝(yi)(yi)，通過熔化銅(tong)材(cai)料，倒入雕(diao)塑模具(ju)中進行(xing)冷卻凝(ning)固，形成所需的(de)銅(tong)雕(diao)塑形狀(zhuang)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工藝(yi)(yi)可(ke)以分為失(shi)蠟鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)和砂鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)兩種方式(shi)。

- 失蠟鑄造(zao)：先制作一個模具，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)模具內部涂上蠟和陶(tao)土(tu)的混合物，形成蠟模。接(jie)著(zhu)將(jiang)蠟模放入特(te)定(ding)銅液中進行(xing)燃燒(shao)，燃燒(shao)后(hou)(hou)留下空(kong)洞，并將(jiang)銅液倒入空(kong)洞內進行(xing)凝固，最后(hou)(hou)從(cong)模具中取(qu)出銅雕塑(su)。

- 砂(sha)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)：使(shi)用(yong)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)作為鑄(zhu)模，將銅(tong)液倒入砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)中，使(shi)其凝固成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。砂(sha)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)工藝適用(yong)于大型(xing)(xing)(xing)銅(tong)雕塑的生(sheng)產。

2. 錘打工(gong)藝：錘打工(gong)藝是通過(guo)使用銅(tong)錘在銅(tong)板上(shang)進行敲打和(he)捶擊，使銅(tong)板逐漸變形成所需(xu)的(de)雕塑(su)形狀。這種工(gong)藝需(xu)要雕塑(su)師具備較高的(de)技(ji)巧和(he)經驗，可(ke)以(yi)制作出精細且具有強(qiang)烈觀感的(de)銅(tong)雕塑(su)。

3. 熔(rong)接工藝(yi)：熔(rong)接工藝(yi)是將多個銅片(pian)通過高溫焊接方式(shi)連(lian)接在一起，形(xing)成復雜的雕塑形(xing)狀。這種(zhong)工藝(yi)通常需要使(shi)用(yong)氣焰或電弧進(jin)行加(jia)熱，并使(shi)用(yong)銅絲(si)或銅片(pian)進(jin)行接合(he)。

4. 銑削工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)：銑削工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是使用數控(kong)銑床或手(shou)工(gong)(gong)銑床，將整塊銅材切割(ge)、雕刻成(cheng)所需的雕塑形(xing)狀。這種工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的優(you)點是可以制(zhi)作出(chu)復雜的細節和精確(que)的形(xing)狀。

5. 雕(diao)(diao)刻工(gong)藝：雕(diao)(diao)刻工(gong)藝是(shi)使用雕(diao)(diao)刻刀等(deng)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)將(jiang)銅(tong)材直接進行雕(diao)(diao)刻，創造出(chu)所(suo)需的雕(diao)(diao)塑形狀。這種工(gong)藝需要雕(diao)(diao)塑師具(ju)(ju)備較高的技巧(qiao)和耐(nai)心，可以制作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)精(jing)細的立體雕(diao)(diao)塑作(zuo)(zuo)品。

以上(shang)是銅雕(diao)(diao)塑常見的幾(ji)種(zhong)工藝，每種(zhong)工藝都有(you)其(qi)特點(dian)和適用范圍，根據雕(diao)(diao)塑的設計要(yao)求和材(cai)質選擇不同(tong)的工藝進行制作。

銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流程(cheng)一、 銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流程(cheng) 由(you)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)方確(que)定或提(ti)供雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)參考圖案 →泥塑(su)(su)(su)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)師根(gen)據客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)要(yao)求塑(su)(su)(su)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泥塑(su)(su)(su)模(mo)型(xing)→泥塑(su)(su)(su)完(wan)(wan)成由(you)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)確(que)認→確(que)認泥稿后翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)具（硅膠模(mo)具）→ 1.小(xiao)型(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)需(xu)采用(yong)精鑄工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)→翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（石蠟(la)）模(mo)型(xing)→用(yong)石英砂(sha)等精 鑄 材(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)型(xing)殼(ke)→烤制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)殼(ke)脫蠟(la)→燒制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)型(xing)殼(ke)→澆鑄銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)→待銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)冷卻(que)后打碎型(xing)殼(ke)完(wan)(wan)成銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)品制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)→對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)品表面(mian)做著色(se)、防(fang)腐以及(ji)其(qi)它處(chu)理→雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)完(wan)(wan)成→客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)驗(yan)收完(wan)(wan)成→發(fa)貨(huo) 2.大型(xing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)需(xu)采用(yong)樹(shu)脂砂(sha)鑄造(zao)(zao)→翻(fan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玻璃鋼模(mo)型(xing)→根(gen)據工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)要(yao)求采用(yong)整體或分塊鑄造(zao)(zao)→用(yong)樹(shu)脂制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)型(xing)殼(ke)→制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)完(wan)(wan)樹(shu)脂型(xing)殼(ke)后澆鑄銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)→待銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)冷卻(que)后打碎型(xing)殼(ke)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)鑄造(zao)(zao)完(wan)(wan)成（如是分塊鑄造(zao)(zao)需(xu)焊接拼裝成型(xing)）→對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)品表面(mian)做著色(se)、防(fang)腐以及(ji)其(qi)它處(chu)理→雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)(su)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)完(wan)(wan)成→客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)驗(yan)收完(wan)(wan)成→發(fa)貨(huo)

雕塑材料(liao)一般是木頭、石頭、牙、骨、貝、根(gen)、冰、泥、面、陶瓷(ci)、石膏等。

1、花崗巖：花崗巖質地堅硬，很難被酸堿或風化作(zuo)用侵蝕，常被作(zuo)為雕塑和(he)建筑物的(de)材料。

2、大(da)理石：大(da)理石的質(zhi)感柔和美觀莊重，格調高(gao)雅，是裝飾豪(hao)華建(jian)筑的理想(xiang)材(cai)料，不太適合在室外(wai)展放。3、砂(sha)巖(yan)：砂(sha)巖(yan)由碎屑(xie)和填隙物組成，碎屑(xie)成分以(yi)石英為(wei)主，砂(sha)巖(yan)作為(wei)雕塑材(cai)質(zhi)必須有化學物質(zhi)為(wei)媒介。

4、鍛(duan)銅：由于銅容易被氧化，室(shi)內展放要多(duo)于室(shi)外(wai)。鍛(duan)銅由于比較輕盈，適合(he)作為浮(fu)雕的(de)原材料。

5、鑄銅：鑄銅的歷史非常悠久，且技術成熟(shu)。但(dan)其容易氧(yang)化，所(suo)以要多(duo)注意保養。6、不(bu)銹鋼：不(bu)銹鋼要求雕(diao)塑本(ben)身簡潔大方，形體感明顯，且光影效果強烈(lie)，顏色的選擇性最大。

7、玻璃(li)鋼：玻璃(li)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)硬而易碎，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)很好的透明性(xing)以及耐(nai)高溫、耐(nai)腐蝕等性(xing)能；用途廣(guang)泛，玻璃(li)鋼作為雕塑(su)材料，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)一定的實用性(xing)。

一般(ban)按照(zhao)成分來說(shuo)，銅(tong)(tong)可以分為紫銅(tong)(tong)，黃銅(tong)(tong)，還有青銅(tong)(tong)和白銅(tong)(tong)。

紫(zi)銅:紫(zi)銅的(de)特點就是導(dao)電性(xing)、塑性(xing)都較(jiao)好，但強度、硬(ying)度較(jiao)差(cha)一些(xie)，紫(zi)銅含其他成分很少，一般可以認定(ding)為純銅；

黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)由銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和鋅所組(zu)成的合金，又可細(xi)分(fen)為(wei)簡單黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和復雜(za)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，復雜(za)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中又以(yi)第(di)三組(zu)元冠名為(wei)鎳黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、硅黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等，所以(yi)黃(huang)(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就不是(shi)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)了；

青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)系指(zhi)除銅(tong)(tong)鎳、銅(tong)(tong)鋅合(he)金以外的銅(tong)(tong)基合(he)金，主要品種有錫青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、鋁青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)、特殊(shu)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)（又(you)稱(cheng)高銅(tong)(tong)合(he)金）；

白銅(tong)系(xi)指(zhi)銅(tong)鎳系(xi)合(he)金，是以鎳為主要添加元素(su)的銅(tong)基合(he)金，呈(cheng)銀(yin)白色，有金屬光澤，故名白銅(tong)。

我們在(zai)選擇銅(tong)材料的時(shi)候要看他的他的色澤，一般鑄銅(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)工藝(yi)品(pin)都是(shi)采用紫銅(tong)，紅銅(tong)，還有(you)黃銅(tong)。但是(shi)劣質銅(tong)，銅(tong)材質里(li)面含有(you)雜質，用手(shou)一彎就斷成兩截，里(li)面可(ke)以看到有(you)黑(hei)色雜質，這個是(shi)絕對(dui)不能(neng)采用的。

銅(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)從工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上來說可分為鍛銅(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)和鑄銅(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)，鑄銅(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)是雕(diao)塑(su)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中最復(fu)雜的一(yi)種，但(dan)是鑄銅(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)的藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術表現形式(shi)具(ju)有很強的價值，是其他(ta)銅(tong)(tong)制工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)無法(fa)比擬的，鑄銅(tong)(tong)雕(diao)塑(su)大致要經歷(li)塑(su)型(xing) — 翻(fan)模具(ju) - 出原型(xing) — 做臘(la)型(xing) — 修臘(la)型(xing) — 制作型(xing)殼(ke)(ke) — 失臘(la)焙燒 — 鑄造(zao) — 清理(li)型(xing)殼(ke)(ke) — 焊接(jie) — 打磨 — 組裝 — 做效果這13道工序，一(yi)個完美的銅(tong)(tong)雕(diao)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術品(pin)才(cai)會制作完成。

在(zai)我(wo)(wo)們(men)現(xian)在(zai)生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城市(shi)中，總是能在(zai)不(bu)(bu)少場合看到(dao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)，它就(jiu)(jiu)像一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)幅(fu)凝固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖片，矗立在(zai)城市(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個(ge)角落。沒錯(cuo)，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)精(jing)美，樣式也(ye)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)獨特(te)(te)，并且具有(you)(you)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)欣賞價(jia)值。但是對于(yu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)，你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)多少呢?銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，你又是真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清楚(chu)嗎?別擔心，如(ru)果(guo)你對以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題都不(bu)(bu)清楚(chu)答(da)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，小編這就(jiu)(jiu)來(lai)(lai)為你解(jie)(jie)答(da)一(yi)(yi)下。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)及流(liu)程鑄(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說到(dao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，那可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)就(jiu)(jiu)大有(you)(you)學問了(le)(le)。現(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)根據(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式劃分(fen)(fen)主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)以(yi)(yi)及鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)。對于(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)來(lai)(lai)說，它主要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)叫做耐火石膏(gao)模(mo)和(he)砂模(mo)等十(shi)分(fen)(fen)抗(kang)高(gao)溫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)具，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)具有(you)(you)內外層之(zhi)分(fen)(fen)，這樣我(wo)(wo)們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)能將銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)從天窗上(shang)倒(dao)進模(mo)具了(le)(le)，最(zui)(zui)終經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)幾天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間冷卻(que)成(cheng)型(xing)。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)造出(chu)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品堅挺耐腐蝕，壽命也(ye)比(bi)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)要(yao)(yao)長，缺點(dian)(dian)(dian)是重量太(tai)大，成(cheng)本也(ye)較(jiao)高(gao)。鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程是先(xian)做出(chu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)模(mo)子，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)特(te)(te)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘膠將其固定(ding)(ding)在(zai)某(mou)個(ge)位置(zhi)上(shang)，當我(wo)(wo)們(men)加熱(re)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)發現(xian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質地變軟，此時(shi)先(xian)用(yong)錘子敲打，隨(sui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)型(xing)，再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)敲打，反復幾次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)形了(le)(le)。如(ru)果(guo)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)板還(huan)沒有(you)(you)成(cheng)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)次(ci)(ci)被(bei)加熱(re)，又可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)次(ci)(ci)進行(xing)鍛造，但是再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)次(ci)(ci)鍛造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)(ci)數最(zui)(zui)好不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)超過(guo)(guo)三次(ci)(ci)，當最(zui)(zui)終成(cheng)型(xing)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，放置(zhi)在(zai)硫(liu)酸銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內進行(xing)浸(jin)泡，如(ru)此我(wo)(wo)們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)得(de)到(dao)自己(ji)滿(man)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)作品。現(xian)代(dai)商業銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)首先(xian)我(wo)(wo)們(men)要(yao)(yao)客(ke)戶確定(ding)(ding)或者(zhe)提供雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參考圖案，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)讓泥(ni)塑(su)師傅根據(ju)客(ke)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求塑(su)制(zhi)泥(ni)塑(su)模(mo)型(xing)，當泥(ni)塑(su)模(mo)型(xing)得(de)到(dao)客(ke)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確認后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)翻制(zhi)模(mo)具，并開(kai)始灌(guan)制(zhi)蠟(la)質原型(xing)胎膜，最(zui)(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)烤制(zhi)型(xing)殼并且脫(tuo)蠟(la)。到(dao)這一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候我(wo)(wo)們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)開(kai)始燒(shao)制(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)了(le)(le)，當銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)水(shui)冷卻(que)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)打碎型(xing)殼，此時(shi)我(wo)(wo)們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看到(dao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品了(le)(le)。說了(le)(le)這么多，相信(xin)大家(jia)已經(jing)(jing)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)及流(liu)程了(le)(le)解(jie)(jie)得(de)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)清楚(chu)了(le)(le)，要(yao)(yao)知道，再(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑(su)制(zhi)作過(guo)(guo)程中，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)必不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二十(shi)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)才可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)最(zui)(zui)終交付使用(yong)，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)是對傳統手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作講究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳承(cheng)，這也(ye)是現(xian)代(dai)精(jing)密鑄(zhu)(zhu)造技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奧(ao)妙所在(zai)。