所謂浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)是(shi)雕(diao)塑與(yu)繪畫結(jie)(jie)合(he)的產物(wu)，用壓縮(suo)的辦法來處理對象(xiang)(xiang)，靠透視等(deng)因素來表現三維空間(jian)，并只供一(yi)(yi)面(mian)或兩面(mian)觀看(kan)。浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)是(shi)附屬在(zai)另一(yi)(yi)平(ping)面(mian)上的，因此在(zai)建筑上使用更多，用具器物(wu)上也經常(chang)可以看(kan)到(dao)。由于(yu)其壓縮(suo)的特性(xing)，所占(zhan)空間(jian)較小(xiao)，所以適用于(yu)多種(zhong)(zhong)環境的裝飾。它在(zai)城市美化(hua)環境中占(zhan)了越來越重要的地位。浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)在(zai)內容(rong)、形式(shi)(shi)和材質上與(yu)圓(yuan)雕(diao)一(yi)(yi)樣豐富(fu)多彩。 它主要有神龕式(shi)(shi)、高(gao)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)、淺(qian)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)、線刻、鏤空式(shi)(shi)等(deng)幾種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)。 我(wo)國古代的石窟(ku)雕(diao)塑可歸結(jie)(jie)為神龕雕(diao)塑，根(gen)據造型手法的不(bu)同，又(you)可分為寫實性(xing)、裝飾性(xing)和抽(chou)象(xiang)(xiang)性(xing) 高(gao)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)是(shi)指壓縮(suo)小(xiao)，起伏大，接近圓(yuan)雕(diao)，甚(shen)至半圓(yuan)雕(diao)的一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)，這種(zhong)(zhong)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)明暗對比(bi)強烈(lie)，視覺(jue)效果突出 淺(qian)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)壓縮(suo)大，起伏小(xiao)，它既保持了一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)建筑式(shi)(shi)的平(ping)面(mian)性(xing)，又(you)具有一(yi)(yi)定的體量感和起伏感 線刻是(shi)繪畫與(yu)雕(diao)塑的結(jie)(jie)合(he)，它靠光(guang)影產生，以光(guang)代筆，甚(shen)至有一(yi)(yi)些微妙的起伏，給(gei)人一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)淡雅含蓄的感覺(jue)

青銅(tong)浮雕雕塑是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)常見的藝(yi)術形式(shi)，通常用(yong)青銅(tong)材料制作(zuo)。它是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)在平面或(huo)者立體的基座(zuo)上(shang)刻劃表面紋飾或(huo)者圖(tu)像的藝(yi)術形式(shi)。

青銅浮雕雕塑的制作過程包(bao)括(kuo)以下幾個步驟(zou)：

1. 設(she)(she)計：藝(yi)術(shu)家首先(xian)根據自己的(de)創意和需(xu)(xu)求，設(she)(she)計出要表達(da)的(de)主題和形象(xiang)。設(she)(she)計過程中(zhong)通常需(xu)(xu)要考(kao)慮材(cai)料(liao)的(de)特點和制(zhi)作工藝(yi)的(de)限(xian)制(zhi)。

2. 鋪墊和(he)雕刻(ke)(ke)：制作人(ren)員將青(qing)銅板固定在(zai)基座上，然后根(gen)據(ju)設計稿在(zai)青(qing)銅板上鋪墊出(chu)浮雕輪廓(kuo)線(xian)。利用雕刻(ke)(ke)刀等工具，將青(qing)銅板上多余(yu)的(de)部(bu)分切割掉，使(shi)浮雕圖(tu)案(an)凸起，形成(cheng)藝術效果(guo)。

3. 打磨和修(xiu)飾(shi)：完成(cheng)雕刻后，制作人員會對(dui)浮(fu)雕進行打磨，使表面平滑并去除瑕疵。也可以對(dui)浮(fu)雕進行上彩或者涂飾(shi)，以增加藝術效果(guo)和保(bao)護。

4. 完工和保(bao)養：制作人員對(dui)浮雕進行一(yi)次全(quan)面檢查，確保(bao)沒(mei)有問題。為了保(bao)持浮雕的美(mei)觀和延長(chang)壽命，適當的保(bao)養和清潔是必要的。

青銅浮雕雕塑歷史悠久，早在古(gu)代文明(ming)時期就有出(chu)現，如(ru)古(gu)埃及、古(gu)希臘和古(gu)羅(luo)馬(ma)等。它被(bei)廣泛應用(yong)于宗教、建筑和紀(ji)念碑等領域，用(yong)來表(biao)達歷史事件(jian)、紀(ji)念重要人物(wu)或者美化(hua)建筑。青銅浮雕雕塑以其獨特的藝術(shu)風格和精湛的工藝技巧(qiao)，成為(wei)藝術(shu)界和收藏(zang)界的重要一員(yuan)。

青銅(tong)(tong)浮雕(diao)(diao)雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)是一種藝術形式，指的是利用(yong)青銅(tong)(tong)材料進行雕(diao)(diao)塑(su)(su)創(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)。它是通(tong)過將(jiang)青銅(tong)(tong)板或塊材進行雕(diao)(diao)刻、鑄造(zao)、燒制等工(gong)藝加工(gong)，創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)出(chu)具有立體感(gan)的圖(tu)案(an)和形象。

青銅(tong)(tong)浮(fu)雕(diao)雕(diao)塑的(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)可以從(cong)多個角(jiao)度欣(xin)賞，并且具有立體(ti)感。它(ta)以平面(mian)為基礎，通過(guo)雕(diao)刻青銅(tong)(tong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)來表(biao)現出物(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)形態和(he)紋理。相(xiang)比于(yu)其他(ta)材料(liao)，青銅(tong)(tong)具有較好的(de)(de)可塑性和(he)耐久(jiu)性，能夠細(xi)膩地(di)表(biao)達出藝(yi)術家(jia)的(de)(de)創作意圖。

在青銅浮雕(diao)雕(diao)塑(su)中(zhong)，藝(yi)術(shu)家可以運(yun)用各種(zhong)刻、鑿、擊、銼等工具，雕(diao)刻出圖案、人物、動物等各種(zhong)形象。他們(men)還可以運(yun)用鑄造技術(shu)，將(jiang)熔(rong)化的(de)青銅材料倒入(ru)預先制作好(hao)的(de)鑄模中(zhong)，經(jing)過冷卻凝(ning)固后得到具有(you)立體形態(tai)的(de)雕(diao)塑(su)作品。

青銅浮雕雕塑在古代被(bei)廣(guang)泛運(yun)用(yong)于建筑、神廟(miao)、陵墓等(deng)(deng)場所，用(yong)來裝(zhuang)飾建筑物(wu)的(de)墻面、門扉(fei)等(deng)(deng)部分(fen)，以展示主題和紀念(nian)歷史(shi)事(shi)件(jian)。它(ta)不(bu)僅具有(you)裝(zhuang)飾性(xing)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，還能夠傳達出一種濃厚的(de)文化氛圍(wei)和藝術審美。

現代青(qing)銅浮(fu)雕(diao)雕(diao)塑的(de)創作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也得到了廣泛的(de)應用和(he)(he)發展。藝術家們運(yun)用現代科技手段(duan)，以及結(jie)合了當(dang)代的(de)審美觀念和(he)(he)創作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)表現形(xing)式，創造出(chu)更加多(duo)樣(yang)化和(he)(he)個性化的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)。這些作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)不僅可(ke)以作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)藝術品(pin)欣賞，也經(jing)常被用于城市景(jing)觀、公共空(kong)間的(de)裝飾(shi)，為(wei)(wei)人們提供美的(de)享受(shou)和(he)(he)文化內涵。

雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑還分為圓雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)和浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩種(zhong)形式。圓雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指不附在(zai)(zai)任何背景上，可(ke)以四面觀賞的(de)(de)(de)、完(wan)全立體的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑。浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)平面上雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)出(chu)凸起的(de)(de)(de)形象的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑。按照表面凸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)厚度，又分為高浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)和淺(qian)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩種(zhong)。還有一種(zhong)界于(yu)圓雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)和浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)之間的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑，即在(zai)(zai)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上，鏤空(kong)其(qi)背景部分，有是(shi)(shi)(shi)單面雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)，有的(de)(de)(de)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)雙面雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。

房頂上(shang)的浮雕嗎？我只知(zhi)道脊獸(shou)。

脊(ji)獸(shou)是中國古代(dai)建筑(zhu)屋頂(ding)的屋脊(ji)上(shang)所(suo)安(an)放(fang)(fang)的獸(shou)件。它們(men)按類別分(fen)為跑獸(shou)、垂(chui)獸(shou)、“仙人”及鴟吻，合稱“脊(ji)獸(shou)”。其中正(zheng)脊(ji)上(shang)安(an)放(fang)(fang)吻獸(shou)或望獸(shou)，垂(chui)脊(ji)上(shang)安(an)放(fang)(fang)垂(chui)獸(shou)，戧脊(ji)上(shang)安(an)放(fang)(fang)戧獸(shou)，另在屋脊(ji)邊緣處安(an)放(fang)(fang)仙人走(zou)獸(shou)。

螭吻是(shi)雨神座下(xia)之物(wu)，能(neng)夠(gou)滅(mie)火。所以(yi)把它(ta)安在(zai)屋脊兩頭也有作消(xiao)災滅(mie)火的功效。

最(zui)前面的(de)(de)(de)領隊是一(yi)個(ge)騎鶴仙人，其后依次為(wei)龍、鳳(feng)、獅(shi)子、天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)、海(hai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)、狻(suan)猊、押魚(yu)、獬豸(zhi)、斗牛、行什(shen)。古建(jian)筑上的(de)(de)(de)跑(pao)獸最(zui)多有十個(ge)，分布在房屋(wu)兩端的(de)(de)(de)垂脊上，由(you)下至(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)順序(xu)依次是：龍、鳳(feng)、獅(shi)子、天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)、海(hai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)、狻(suan)猊、狎魚(yu)、獬豸(zhi) 、斗牛、行什(shen)，這些跑(pao)獸的(de)(de)(de)設置有不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)寓(yu)意。

青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)了千余年(nian),到(dao)了東周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)已(yi)(yi)經積累了豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao) 經驗 。出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)完整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)呢(ni)?接下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)來就(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)我(wo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起來了解(jie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)完整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，歡迎閱讀!出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)完整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)法(fa):二(er)(er)里(li)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)說(shuo) 銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)認識并應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。到(dao)目前(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)止，被(bei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)自新石器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)，相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)夏代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些 文(wen)(wen)(wen)化 遺址中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)遺址中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)了較(jiao)大(da)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。(取(qu)自初(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)教材) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)燦爛(lan)輝煌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),1975年(nian)偃師(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)里(li)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)遺址出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)爵(jue)(jue)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)遺物(wu)(wu)，被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)爵(jue)(jue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)22.5厘(li)米，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)至(zhi)(zhi)尾長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)35厘(li)米，壁厚(hou)0.1厘(li)米，藏偃師(shi)(shi)縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)管會(hui)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、尖(jian)尾、束(shu)腰、平底(di)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)細長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)近(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)短(duan)(duan)(duan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)，腰部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寬1.2厘(li)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)線(xian)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)線(xian)間(jian)橫列裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)乳釘(ding)，胎(tai)壁較(jiao)簿，器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)表(biao)(biao)粗糙，紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)簡單，確為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。(河(he)南(nan) 旅游 局(ju)供稿)第二(er)(er)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)法(fa):馬(ma)(ma)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)窯 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)甘(gan)肅東鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)村，出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)了1件(jian)(jian)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)馬(ma)(ma)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)窯文(wen)(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)刀，保(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迄今中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)3000年(nian)左(zuo)右。非容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：馬(ma)(ma)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)窯文(wen)(wen)(wen)化青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)刀，距今5000多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：二(er)(er)里(li)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化第三(san)(san)(san)(san)期(qi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)爵(jue)(jue)，距今3800年(nian)左(zuo)右青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei) 食(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鼎(ding)(ding)相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)如(ru)(ru)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍋(guo)，煮或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)放魚肉(rou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)腹(fu)(fu)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)耳(er)(er)(er)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)。鬲(li)(li，音(yin)歷) 煮飯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侈(chi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)空足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。甗(yan，音(yin)演) 相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)如(ru)(ru)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸鍋(guo)。全器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甑(zeng)(zeng)，置(zhi)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu);下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鬲(li)，置(zhi)水(shui)(shui)。甑(zeng)(zeng)與(yu)(yu)鬲(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)片(pian)(pian)，叫做箄(bi)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)通蒸氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十字(zi)孔(kong)(kong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)孔(kong)(kong)。簋(gui)(gui)(guǐ)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“毀”，相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)如(ru)(ru)今的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)碗(wan)，盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)飯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)腹(fu)(fu)、侈(chi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)耳(er)(er)(er)。簠(fu)(fu)(fu,音(yin)甫) 古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)書里(li)寫(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)“胡”或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)“瑚”。盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)外(wai)(wai)(wai)侈(chi)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)短(duan)(duan)(duan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。簠(fu)(fu)(fǔ) 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)外(wai)(wai)(wai)侈(chi)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)短(duan)(duan)(duan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)，蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)、器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)小(xiao)相同(tong)，合(he)(he)(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，打(da)開則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)學上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“卻(que)立(li)(li)”或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)“卻(que)置(zhi)”。簠(fu)(fu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)經籍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“胡”或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)“瑚”。盨(xǔ) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)黍，稷，稻，粱用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，斂(lian)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，二(er)(er)耳(er)(er)(er)，圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。敦(dun)(duì) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)黍、稷、稻、粱用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)短(duan)(duan)(duan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)腹(fu)(fu)、二(er)(er)環耳(er)(er)(er)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敦(dun)。豆(dou)(dou) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)肉(rou)醬一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)食(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)盤，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)握，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爵(jue)(jue)， 飲(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。相當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)杯。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)腹(fu)(fu)前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)傾(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尾，旁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鋬(把(ba)手)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)尖(jian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao) 飲(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)似(si)爵(jue)(jue)，前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尾，無(wu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。《禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)記(ji)·禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)：”宗廟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)”，”尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)者(zhe)舉觶，卑者(zhe)舉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”。商(shang)(shang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際(ji)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)精(jing)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)開始衰落(luo)。《考工(gong)(gong)(gong)記(ji)·梓人(ren)(ren)(ren)》引《韓詩(shi)》云：”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)曰(yue)爵(jue)(jue)，二(er)(er)升(sheng)曰(yue)觚(gu)(gu)(gu)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)升(sheng)曰(yue)觶，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)升(sheng)曰(yue)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，五升(sheng)曰(yue)散(san)。”依此說(shuo)，角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)(yu)爵(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)與(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)。角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)與(yu)(yu)無(wu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爵(jue)(jue)很像，只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)尾同(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尖(jian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。自宋(song)以(yi)(yi)來，定(ding)爵(jue)(jue)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)而(er)(er)具(ju)(ju)(ju)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)翼若(ruo)尾者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。斝(jiǎ) 溫酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)像爵(jue)(jue)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鋬。觚(gu)(gu)(gu)(gū) 飲(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)身(shen)、侈(chi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)和(he)(he)(he)底(di)均(jun)呈喇(la)叭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。觚(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喇(la)叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，觚(gu)(gu)(gu)身(shen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)凸起，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)近(jin)圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)處(chu)(chu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)段(duan)扉(fei)棱作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。商(shang)(shang)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)矮(ai)，圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“十字(zi)孔(kong)(kong)”。商(shang)(shang)晚(wan)期(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)修長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)撇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)線(xian)條(tiao)非常(chang)(chang)(chang)優(you)美(mei)，紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)繁復而(er)(er)華貴(gui)。觶(zhì) 飲(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)腹(fu)(fu)、侈(chi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)似(si)小(xiao)瓶(ping)，大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。兕觥(sìgōng) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腹(fu)(fu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腹(fu)(fu)， 圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)鋬，蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)獸(shou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)似(si)觚(gu)(gu)(gu)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)較(jiao)粗，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)徑較(jiao)小(xiao)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。卣(yǒu) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、深(shen)腹(fu)(fu)、圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)梁，腹(fu)(fu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)橢或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)筒形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、鴟鸮(xiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)食(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。盉(he)(hé) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)調和(he)(he)(he)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)、前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鋬，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)與(yu)(yu)鋬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鏈相連(lian)接。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)彝(yí) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)身(shen)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)，蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)似(si)屋頂(ding)，且(qie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鈕。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)彝上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)還(huan)(huan)帶(dai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)觚(gu)(gu)(gu)棱。腹(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)曲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)腹(fu)(fu)旁還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)耳(er)(er)(er)。勺 取(qu)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)短(duan)(duan)(duan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)筒形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，旁有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)柄。水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)罍(lei) (léi)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罍(lei)寬肩(jian)(jian)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)耳(er)(er)(er)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai);圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罍(lei)大(da)腹(fu)(fu)、圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)耳(er)(er)(er)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)罍(lei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)穿(chuan)系(xi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鼻(bi)。壺(hu) 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。如(ru)(ru)《詩(shi)經》上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)說(shuo)：“清(qing)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)百壺(hu)”，《孟子》上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)說(shuo)：“簟(dian)食(shi)(shi)壺(hu)漿(jiang)”。壺(hu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、扁形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)瓠形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。盤 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)承接水(shui)(shui)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、淺腹(fu)(fu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)三(san)(san)(san)(san)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。匜(yí) 《左(zuo)傳(chuan)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“奉匜沃盥”，沃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)， 盥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)洗手洗臉，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)盥洗時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鋬，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)。瓿(bù)，盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，亦用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)醬。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)至(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)型(xing)(xing)似(si)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，但較(jiao)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)矮(ai)小(xiao)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)，斂(lian)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，廣肩(jian)(jian)，大(da)腹(fu)(fu)，圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，帶(dai)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)帶(dai)耳(er)(er)(er)與(yu)(yu)不帶(dai)耳(er)(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)瓿。器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)常(chang)(chang)(chang)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)饕餮、乳釘(ding)、云雷(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)耳(er)(er)(er)多(duo)(duo)(duo)做成(cheng)獸(shou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)盂 盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)飯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皿(min)。侈(chi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)、深(shen)腹(fu)(fu)、圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)耳(er)(er)(er)，很像有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)耳(er)(er)(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簋(gui)(gui)，但比(bi)(bi)簋(gui)(gui)大(da)。鑒 水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)如(ru)(ru)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盆。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途：(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))容(rong)(rong)水(shui)(shui) ;(二(er)(er))盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)冰，《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》：“春(chun)始治(zhi)鑒，凡外(wai)(wai)(wai)內(nei)饔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)膳羞，鑒焉。凡酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)漿(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)醴亦如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)共(gong)冰鑒。”;(三(san)(san)(san)(san))沐浴;(四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si))鑒容(rong)(rong)照面(mian)(mian)(mian)，以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)才為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)所(suo)替代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。鑒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)秋戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鼎(ding)(ding)、壺(hu)、鑒四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)并稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 編(bian)鐃商(shang)(shang)朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軍(jun)隊盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。呈圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)片(pian)(pian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)鈸(ba)基本相同(tong)。編(bian)鐘 打(da)擊樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(宮廷(ting)雅(ya)樂(le)(le)(le))。面(mian)(mian)(mian)較(jiao)大(da)而(er)(er)薄，多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，根(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)凹(ao)進(jin)，邊(bian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稍作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)翹起。編(bian)镈 打(da)擊樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(宮廷(ting)雅(ya)樂(le)(le)(le))。镈體(ti)趨(qu)向(xiang)渾圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)編(bian)鐘相似(si)，但口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平齊。兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鉞(yue)本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)貴(gui)族(zu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)劈砍(kan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刑器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)像板斧(fu)、斧(fu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)而(er)(er)較(jiao)大(da)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，由(you)(you)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鈹頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)柄構成(cheng)，鈹頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)尖(jian)鋒直(zhi)(zhi)刃、扁莖，穿(chuan)透力(li)很強，很可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)扁莖短(duan)(duan)(duan)劍發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)而(er)(er)來。它出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)春(chun)秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)大(da)量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斧(fu)鉞(yue)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)殺(sha)傷力(li)不如(ru)(ru)戈矛，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)秋時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)實戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)已(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低，已(yi)(yi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)儀仗、裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)，以(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)軍(jun)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)。鉞(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。據(ju)(ju)考證，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)石斧(fu)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)演變(bian)而(er)(er)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更強調華麗、美(mei)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特質，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)力(li)、象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)威(wei)嚴(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)儀 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)，此處(chu)(chu)所(suo)選(xuan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)件(jian)(jian)鉞(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品，格外(wai)(wai)(wai)強調器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)威(wei)嚴(yan)恐怖(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性，同(tong)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)藝(yi)(yi)術風格完全一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致。禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)奴(nu)隸主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)貴(gui)族(zu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)、宴饗、朝(chao)(chao)聘、征(zheng)(zheng)伐及(ji)(ji)喪(sang)葬(zang)(zang)等(deng)(deng)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)儀活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份(fen)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)和(he)(he)(he)權(quan)力(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)，數(shu)量(liang)巨大(da)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)精(jing)美(mei)，其(qi)(qi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著(zhu)特點。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)類(lei)(lei)：從(cong)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)功能(neng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)，把(ba)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、葬(zang)(zang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、日用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：商(shang)(shang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)奴(nu)隸主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)崇神鬼(gui)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)、行(xing)(xing)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)術，將(jiang)(jiang)幾(ji)件(jian)(jian)大(da)型(xing)(xing)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式組(zu)(zu)合(he)(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)樂(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)權(quan)、名位(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)威(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志和(he)(he)(he)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)(you)食(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、水(shui)(shui)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，兵(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)排列上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濃(nong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)術色彩。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：單件(jian)(jian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)(xing)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，專門用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來記(ji)載某件(jian)(jian)大(da)事，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)頌揚先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)、先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功德(de)，都(dou)(dou)叫“重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。明(ming)(ming)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：即(ji)“神明(ming)(ming)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)死(si)亡而(er)(er)靈魂不滅，要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)世(shi)(shi)界中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新生(sheng)活，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)奴(nu)隸主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)貴(gui)族(zu)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)厚(hou)葬(zang)(zang)，將(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)前(qian)(qian)喜(xi)愛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)均(jun)隨葬(zang)(zang)入墓(mu)。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殉葬(zang)(zang) 禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)囂一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)由(you)(you)鼎(ding)(ding)，簋(gui)(gui)、豆(dou)(dou)、壺(hu)、弇(或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)盉(he))組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)，等(deng)(deng)級(ji)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貴(gui)族(zu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)數(shu)量(liang)都(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規定(ding)。但這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)明(ming)(ming)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不同(tong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)專門制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殉葬(zang)(zang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知名鼎(ding)(ding)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun) 鸮(xiao)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)鸮(xiao)[xiāo]尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)見于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。鸮(xiao)，俗稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)貓(mao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)鷹。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，鸮(xiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)喜(xi)愛和(he)(he)(he)崇拜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神鳥(niao)(niao)。鸮(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)藝(yi)(yi)術品經常(chang)(chang)(chang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。鸮(xiao)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)七六年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)南(nan)安陽殷墟(xu)婦(fu)好(hao)(hao)墓(mu)，原(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)只(zhi)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)。原(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十五點九(jiu)厘(li)米，外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)從(cong)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)看，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)昂首(shou)挺胸(xiong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貓(mao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)鷹。通體(ti)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，富(fu)麗精(jing)細。喙、胸(xiong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蟬(chan)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen);鸮(xiao)頸兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夔(kui)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen);翅兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)各飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)蛇紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen);尾上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)展(zhan)翅欲飛(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鸮(xiao)鳥(niao)(niao)，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完美(mei)結合(he)(he)(he)。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)內(nei)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)“婦(fu)好(hao)(hao)”二(er)(er)字(zi)。毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)鼎(ding)(ding)西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)晚(wan)期(qi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)，道光末(mo)年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)省寶雞市岐山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)。由(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(廠音(yin))得(de)名。直(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)(er)(er)，半(ban)球(qiu)腹(fu)(fu)，矮(ai)短(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獸(shou)蹄形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿(yan)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環帶(dai)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)環紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)32行(xing)(xing)499字(zi)，乃現(xian)存(cun)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)：完整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冊命(ming)。共(gong)五段(duan)：其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)局(ju)勢(shi)不寧(ning);其(qi)(qi)二(er)(er)，宣王(wang)(wang)命(ming)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)治(zhi)理(li)邦家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai);其(qi)(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)，給毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)予宣示王(wang)(wang)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專權(quan)，著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)申明(ming)(ming)未經毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 命(ming)令 ，毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)預示臣工(gong)(gong)(gong)不予奉行(xing)(xing);其(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，告誡勉勵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詞;其(qi)(qi)五，賞賜與(yu)(yu)對揚。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)晚(wan)年(nian) 政(zheng)治(zhi) 史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)史料。2009年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)13日至(zhi)(zhi)15日，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)仿(fang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)品及(ji)(ji)技術展(zhan)覽會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)海 國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji) 展(zhan)覽中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心舉行(xing)(xing)，洛陽粵鈺青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限公(gong)(gong)(gong)司鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)仿(fang)“毛(mao)(mao)(mao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)鼎(ding)(ding)”獲得(de)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金獎(jiang)。龍(long)(long)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)商(shang)(shang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。原(yuan)(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)1957年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安徽阜南(nan)縣(xian)。器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)50.5厘(li)米，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)徑44.9厘(li)米，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約20公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)喇(la)叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿(yan)，寬折肩(jian)(jian)、深(shen)腹(fu)(fu)、圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，體(ti)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。龍(long)(long)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肩(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)條(tiao)蜿蜒向(xiang)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)，龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)肩(jian)(jian)外(wai)(wai)(wai)。腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)(ge)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)身(shen)，虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)銜(xian)(xian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)身(shen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)以(yi)(yi)扉(fei)棱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)界，飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)夔(kui)龍(long)(long)相對組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獸(shou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)弦紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，并開有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鏤孔(kong)(kong)。龍(long)(long)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)"虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)銜(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)"。關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)，"人(ren)(ren)(ren)"應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那些奴(nu)隸，"虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)銜(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)"反映奴(nu)隸社會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘酷、恐怖(bu)(bu)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)釋(shi)，另(ling)外(wai)(wai)(wai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)則提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)質疑，他(ta)們認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)應(ying)該是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)術主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)題。青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)師(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情景紀(ji)實。張開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)割生(sheng)死(si)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)很可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)師(shi)(shi)，巫(wu)(wu)(wu)師(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通過老虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)而(er)(er)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)夠通天地(di)(di)、感 鬼(gui)神 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)。"虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)銜(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)"這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含義(yi)究(jiu)竟是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)，我(wo)們還(huan)(huan)不能(neng)做出(chu)(chu)(chu)精(jing)確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)釋(shi)，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)某種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)神話和(he)(he)(he)宗教信仰相聯系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)活動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi)。此尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)齊名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍品。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)母(mu)(mu)戊(wu)鼎(ding)(ding)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)母(mu)(mu)戊(wu)鼎(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(約公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)16世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)11世(shi)(shi)紀(ji))王(wang)(wang)室祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)，1939年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)19日在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)河(he)南(nan)省安陽市武官村一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，因其(qi)(qi)腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)著(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)母(mu)(mu)戊(wu)”三(san)(san)(san)(san)字(zi)而(er)(er)得(de)名，現(xian)藏中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)博物(wu)(wu)館。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)母(mu)(mu)戊(wu)鼎(ding)(ding)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)型(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)大(da)厚(hou)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)司母(mu)(mu)戊(wu)大(da)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)133厘(li)米、口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)112厘(li)米、口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)寬79.2厘(li)米、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)832.84千克，鼎(ding)(ding)腹(fu)(fu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)豎兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)只(zhi)直(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)(er)(er)(發(fa)(fa)現(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)僅剩(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耳(er)(er)(er)，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耳(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)來據(ju)(ju)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耳(er)(er)(er)復制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)補(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang))，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)根(gen)(gen)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鼎(ding)(ding)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)目前(qian)(qian)已(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。該鼎(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)商(shang)(shang)王(wang)(wang)祖(zu)庚或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)祖(zu)甲為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)其(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)"戊(wu)"所(suo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，商(shang)(shang)朝(chao)(chao)晚(wan)期(qi)偏早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)品。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)現(xian)存(cun)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)58.3厘(li)米，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)近(jin)34.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，1938年(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)湖南(nan)寧(ning)鄉(xiang)縣(xian)黃村月(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鋪(pu)轉耳(er)(er)(er)侖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。現(xian)藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)博物(wu)(wu)館。四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)，大(da)沿(yan)，頸飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿(yan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)侈(chi)，每邊(bian)邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)52.4厘(li)米，其(qi)(qi)邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)幾(ji)乎接近(jin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)58.3厘(li)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)頸，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。頸部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)聳，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)邊(bian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蕉葉紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)夔(kui)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)獸(shou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)各塑一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。肩(jian)(jian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)卷角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)與(yu)(yu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)頸伸出(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)身(shen)與(yu)(yu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)腿(tui)附(fu)著(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)腹(fu)(fu)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)胸(xiong)，羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)腿(tui)則附(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，承擔著(zhu)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)胸(xiong)及(ji)(ji)頸背部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鱗紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)美(mei)麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)冠鳳(feng)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，圈(quan)(quan)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夔(kui)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)肩(jian)(jian)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao) 浮(fu)雕 蛇身(shen)而(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)爪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)即(ji)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)比(bi)(bi)鄰處(chu)(chu)，各一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雙(shuang)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)龍(long)(long)首(shou)探出(chu)(chu)(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)表(biao)(biao)，從(cong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)每邊(bian)右肩(jian)(jian)蜿蜒于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)。全體(ti)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)細雷(lei)(lei)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)(he)(he)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心線(xian)合(he)(he)(he)范處(chu)(chu)均(jun)設計成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棱脊(ji)，其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)此來掩(yan)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)合(he)(he)(he)范時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對合(he)(he)(he)不正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。據(ju)(ju)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學者(zhe)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)次分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技術鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)先(xian)(xian)將(jiang)(jiang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)單個(ge)(ge)(ge)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)好(hao)(hao)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別配置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)范內(nei)，再進(jin)行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塊(kuai)范法(fa)澆(jiao)(jiao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣呵成(cheng)，鬼(gui)斧(fu)神工(gong)(gong)(gong)，顯示了高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)超的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)水(shui)(shui)平。四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)集線(xian)雕、浮(fu)雕、圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雕于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，把(ba)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)立(li)(li)體(ti)雕塑融會(hui)貫通、把(ba)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皿(min)和(he)(he)(he) 動物(wu)(wu) 形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)結合(he)(he)(he)起來，恰到(dao)好(hao)(hao)處(chu)(chu)，以(yi)(yi)異常(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)超的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，此器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端莊(zhuang)典雅(ya)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)與(yu)(yu)倫比(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。此尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)簡潔、優(you)美(mei)雄(xiong)奇，寓動于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)靜。被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“臻于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)極(ji)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)典范”。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)父(fu)丁方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)父(fu)丁方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)，通高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)21.3cm，寬17.1cm，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3.12kg。鼎(ding)(ding)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)體(ti)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)沿(yan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)折，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雙(shuang)立(li)(li)耳(er)(er)(er)，直(zhi)(zhi)壁，深(shen)腹(fu)(fu)，平底(di)，腹(fu)(fu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)、腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)及(ji)(ji)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)凸棱，腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)勾(gou)連(lian)雷(lei)(lei)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，左(zuo)右及(ji)(ji)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)道乳釘(ding)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)和(he)(he)(he)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獸(shou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)壁上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)1行(xing)(xing)4字(zi)：作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)父(fu)丁。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。銘(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)記(ji)：為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父(fu)親丁做器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)名。猜你喜(xi)歡：1. 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)圖片(pian)(pian)及(ji)(ji)介紹 2. 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)商(shang)(shang)朝(chao)(chao)嗎 3. 世(shi)(shi)界上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 4. 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)樣(yang)及(ji)(ji)含義(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)

青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)藝(yi)術(shu)，我(wo)國傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型藝(yi)術(shu)。主要指商、西周、春秋和戰國時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)錫和銅(tong)錫鉛(qian)合金鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)物。 以饕餮為(wei)突(tu)出(chu)代(dai)(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)紋(wen)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)，預示著(zhu)階(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)野(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)，貴族借助于(yu)想(xiang)(xiang)象(xiang)而(er)編(bian)造(zao)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“禎詳”或標記(ji)(ji)，以超(chao)世(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)秘威嚇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物形象(xiang)，表示出(chu)這(zhe)(zhe)個初生階(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)對自(zi)(zi)身(shen)(shen)統治(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肯(ken)定(ding)和幻想(xiang)(xiang)。 饕餮一(yi)詞見(jian)于(yu)《呂氏(shi)春秋先(xian)識覽(lan)》：“周鼎著(zhu)饕餮，有首無身(shen)(shen)，食人(ren)(ren)未咽害(hai)及其(qi)身(shen)(shen)，以言報(bao)更也(ye)。”商代(dai)(dai)至(zhi)西周時(shi)(shi)常作為(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)物上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主題紋(wen)飾，多襯以云雷紋(wen)。 作為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工藝(yi)品藝(yi)術(shu)，同時(shi)(shi)全部融合了當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)、宗(zong)教、理(li)念和手段(duan)，這(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國工藝(yi)品史(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕(jue)無僅有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 饕餮究竟(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么呢？至(zhi)今尚未定(ding)論。從外形上(shang)來(lai)看(kan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獸(shou)面(mian)紋(wen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么獸(shou)，則有點象(xiang)中(zhong)國龍、麒麟等一(yi)樣，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牛、羊、虎、鹿(lu)、山魈……。它(ta)(ta)(ta)實(shi)際是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)始(shi)祭祀(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符號標記(ji)(ji)。含有神(shen)秘、恐怖(bu)、威嚇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征，突(tu)出(chu)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無限深淵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)可能是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巫、尹(yin)、史(shi)(shi)(shi)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰作。 正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)超(chao)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)才構(gou)成(cheng)了青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獰(ning)(ning)(ning)厲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本質(zhi)(zhi)。如同給人(ren)(ren)以恐怖(bu)效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)希(xi)臘悲劇所渲染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命運感(gan)，體(ti)現(xian)著(zhu)某(mou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)然(ran)性和力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)而(er)成(cheng)為(wei)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)。 巫、尹(yin)、史(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“天知道”級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大人(ren)(ren)物，因為(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)原(yuan)始(shi)社會(hui)(hui)末期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專職(zhi)變為(wei)統治(zhi)者(zhe)階(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)教政治(zhi)宰輔后，在(zai)(zai)(zai)宗(zong)教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外衣下，為(wei)其(qi)本階(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利益出(chu)謀劃策，通過(guo)神(shen)秘詭異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巫術(shu)，--宗(zong)教形式來(lai)提(ti)出(chu)“理(li)想(xiang)(xiang)”，預卜編(bian)造(zao)關于(yu)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幻想(xiang)(xiang)，把階(jie)級(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統治(zhi)說成(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旨意(yi)。人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里確乎(hu)毫無地位(wei)和力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)，有地位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)神(shen)秘化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物變形，它(ta)(ta)(ta)威嚇、吞食、壓(ya)制(zhi)、踐(jian)踏著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)(shen)心。但(dan)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)社會(hui)(hui)必(bi)須通過(guo)運種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)血與火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兇(xiong)殘(can)、野(ye)蠻、恐怖(bu)、威力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)開(kai)(kai)辟自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道路而(er)向前跨進(jin)。 吃(chi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)饕餮恰好可作為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準符號，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)工藝(yi)品上(shang)深深地烙印。縱觀(guan)(guan)中(zhong)外歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)，古(gu)代(dai)(dai)諸氏(shi)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)蠻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)話傳說，殘(can)暴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭故事(shi)和藝(yi)術(shu)作品，包括(kuo)荷馬(ma)史(shi)(shi)(shi)詩、非洲面(mian)具……盡管非常粗野(ye)，甚至(zhi)獰(ning)(ning)(ning)厲可怖(bu)，卻仍然(ran)保持(chi)著(zhu)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)學魅力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。 用感(gan)傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無法理(li)解青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)。這(zhe)(zhe)個動輒殺(sha)戮千百俘虜、奴隸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)早成(cheng)過(guo)去，但(dan)代(dai)(dai)表、體(ti)現(xian)這(zhe)(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)精神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)藝(yi)術(shu)至(zhi)今為(wei)我(wo)們(men)所欣賞、贊(zan)嘆不(bu)絕(jue)。不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)體(ti)現(xian)了這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)神(shen)秘化了的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客觀(guan)(guan)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)前進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)人(ren)(ren)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)嗎？ 中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)饕餮也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)那看(kan)來(lai)獰(ning)(ning)(ning)厲可畏(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威嚇神(shen)秘中(zhong)，積淀著(zhu)一(yi)股深沉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)秘恐怖(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無可阻擋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)相結合，才成(cheng)為(wei)美(mei)--崇高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)宗(zong)法制(zhi)時(shi)(shi)期，它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)并(bing)非是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)美(mei)觀(guan)(guan)賞對象(xiang)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)誠惶(huang)誠恐頂(ding)禮(li)供獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)教禮(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)封(feng)建時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)也(ye)有因為(wei)害(hai)怕這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獰(ning)(ning)(ning)厲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形象(xiang)而(er)銷(xiao)毀(hui)它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)。只有在(zai)(zai)(zai)物質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)明高度發展，宗(zong)教觀(guan)(guan)念已經淡薄，殘(can)酷兇(xiong)狠已成(cheng)陳迫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)明社會(hui)(hui)里，體(ti)現(xian)出(chu)遠古(gu)歷(li)(li)(li)時(shi)(shi)前進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)和命運的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)，才能為(wei)人(ren)(ren)們(men)所理(li)解、欣賞和喜愛，才成(cheng)為(wei)真正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)美(mei)對象(xiang)。